The original octagonal lighthouse was established in 1811, but destroyed in 1861 during the Civil War by Confederate forces to prevent its use by Union forces. A replacement was completed in 1872, electrified in 1934, automated in 1954, and is still operational.

The current structure is an active lighthouse for navigational purposes and a museum. It is on lease from the United States Coast Guard to the Coastal Georgia Historical Society and is open to the public.

Recently, the St. Simons Island lighthouse has undergone renovations, including a necessary paint job.